Thyroglossal duct cyst removal is necessary when it presents as a midline neck lump (in the region of the hyoid bone) that is usually painless, smooth and cystic, though if infected, pain can occur.
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Frequently Asked Questions
A thyroglossal duct cyst is a fluid-filled lump that forms in the middle of the neck, usually near the hyoid bone. It develops from leftover tissue from the thyroid’s formation in early childhood. Most cysts are painless and slow-growing, but they can become tender if infected.
Removal is recommended to prevent infections, swelling, or discomfort. Rarely, if left untreated for many years, a cyst can develop complications. Surgical removal ensures complete resolution and prevents recurrence.
The most common method is called the Sistrunk procedure, which removes the cyst along with a small portion of the hyoid bone and the tract leading toward the base of the tongue. This approach lowers the risk of the cyst returning.
Most patients recover quickly. You may experience mild swelling, bruising, or discomfort for a few days. Pain is typically managed with over-the-counter or prescribed medications, and most return to normal activities within 1–2 weeks.
Complications are uncommon but can include infection, bleeding, or very rarely, recurrence of the cyst. Your surgeon will discuss all precautions and follow-up care to minimize risks.